MEASLES
(RUBEOLA)
Wisconsin Division of Public Health Disease Surveillance Manual (EpiNet, February 2005)
I. IDENTIFICATION
A. CLINICAL DESCRIPTION: An illness characterized by all of the following: a generalized rash lasting ³ three days; temperature ³ 38.3 o C (101 o F); cough or coryza or conjunctivitis.
B. REPORTING CRITERIA: Clinical diagnosis.
C. LABORATORY CRITERIA FOR CONFIRMATION:
- Positive serologic test for measles IgM antibody, OR
- Serologic rise in measles antibody level by any standard serologic assay, OR
- Isolation of measles virus from a clinical specimen
D. WISCONSIN CASE DEFINITIONS:
- Confirmed: A case that is laboratory confirmed or meets the clinical description and is epidemiologically linked to a confirmed case. A laboratory confirmed case does not need to meet the clinical description.
- Suspected: Febrile illness accompanied by generalized maculopapular rash.
- Probable: A case that meets the clinical case definition, has non-contributory or no serologic or virologic testing, and not epidemiologically linked to a confirmed case.
NOTE: An imported case has its source outside the country or state. Rash onset occurs within 18 days of entering the jurisdiction and illness cannot be linked to local transmission. Imported cases are to be classified as international or out-of-state.
An indigenous case is defined as a case of measles that is not imported. Cases that are linked to imported cases should be classified as indigenous if the exposure to the imported case occurred in the reporting state. Any case that cannot be proved to be imported should be classified as indigenous.
II. ACTIONS REQUIRED / PREVENTION MEASURES
A. WISCONSIN DISEASE SURVEILLANCE CATEGORY I: Report IMMEDIATELY BY TELEPHONE to the patient's local health officer upon identification of a case or suspected case. Complete and mail an Acute and Communicable Disease Case Report (DPH 4151) to the local health officer within 24 hours.
B. EPIDEMIOLOGY REPORTS REQUIRED:
1. Acute and Communicable Diseases Case Report (DPH 4151).
2. Measles Case Follow-up Form (DPH 4077).C. PREVENTION MEASURES:
- Routinely administer initial dose of MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine at 12 - 15 months of age and second dose at school entry (4 - 6 years of age).
D. PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS:
- See State of Wisconsin Measles Investigation Protocol.
III. CONTACTS FOR CONSULTATION
A. BCDP/ IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM: (608) 266-3031.
B. REGIONAL STAFF: See Epinet Introduction: “REGIONAL OFFICE CONTACTS”.
C. WSLH / VIRUS SEROLOGY: (608) 262-0248.
IV. RELATED REFERENCES1. “Measles”, DPH Disease Fact Sheet Series: View a list of all current Communicable Disease Fact Sheets
2. Heymann DL, ed. MEASLES. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 18 th ed. Washington , DC : American Public Health Association, 2004:347-354.
3. Pickering LK, ed. Measles. In: Red Book: 2003 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 26 th ed. Elk Grove Village , IL : American Academy of Pediatrics, 2003:419-429.
4. Measles, Mumps and Rubella – Vaccine Use and Strategies for Elimination of Measles, Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome and Control of Mumps – Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), MMWR, 1998; 47 (RR-8):1-57.
V. DISEASE TRENDS
